Boiler Water Treatment Principles and Practice PDF

Accurate chemical water treatment and skillful maintenance are key elements to attain optimal boiler operation.

Boiler Water Treatment: Principles and Practice analyzes the fundamentals of the mechanical operation of boilers, together with the applied chemistry required to achieve waterside cleanliness and cost-effective, optimal boiler operation.

Contents :

Introduction: The Function of Boiler Water

Treatment and Its Marketing xvii

1 Steam Generation 1

• 1.1 Basics of Steam Generation 4
• 1.2 Energy, Work, and Power 10
• 1.3 Boiler Plant Efficiency 14

2 Boiler Types and Applications 23

• 2.1 Electric Boilers 24
• 2.2 Fire Tube (Shell) Boilers 29
• 2.3 Water Tube Boilers 39
• 2.4 Nuclear Reactor Boilers 61

3 Boiler Plant Subsystems, Appurtenances, and Auxiliaries 67

• 3.1 Boiler Plant Subsystems 69
• 3.2 Boiler Appurtenances 72
• 3.3 Boiler Auxiliaries 82
• 3.4 Balance of Plant (BOP) Equipment 112
• 3.5 Boiler Plant Operational and Water Treatment Basics 119

4 Waterside and Steamside Problems: The Basics 131

• 4.1 Hot Water and Steam System Cycles 132
• 4.2 The Scope of BW Treatment and Control of Steam/Waterside Chemistry 134
• 4.3 Fundamental Steam-Waterside Problems and Water Treatment Objectives 140
• 4.4 Deposition 144
• 4.5 Corrosion 149
• 4.6 Fouling 153
• 4.7 Contamination 154
• 4.8 Limiting the Potential for Waterside Problems 156

5 Waterside and Steamside Problems: Hot Water Heating and Low-Pressure Steam Boiler Specifics 173

• 5.1 Problems with Heating Coils 175
• 5.2 Problems Associated with the Use of Glycols 177
• 5.3 Problems of Corrosion in Hot Water and Low-Pressure Steam Heating Systems 178
• 5.4 Other Waterside Problems in Hot Water Heating and Low-Pressure Steam Systems 180
• 5.5 Waterside Problems in Medium-Temperature Hot Water and High-Temperature Hot Water Systems 185

6 Waterside and Steamside Problems: Pre-Boiler Section Specifics 191

• 6.1 Overview of Pre-Boiler Section Waterside Problems 192
• 6.2 Feedwater Contamination from Makeup Water 193
• 6.3 FW Contamination from Returning Condensate 203
• 6.4 Problems Associated with the Final Feedwater Blend 206

7 Waterside and Steamside Problems: Boiler Section Specifics 217

• 7.1 Boiler Scaling, Fouling, and Deposition 217
• 7.2 Passivation and Common Corrosion Problems 237
• 7.3 Stress and High Temperature-Related Corrosion 254
• 7.4 Other Forms of Corrosion 262
• 7.5 Corrosion in Nuclear Powered Steam Generators 265

8 Waterside and Steamside Problems: Post-Boiler Section Specifics 273

• 8.1 Steam Purity and Steam Quality 275
• 8.2 Corrosive Gases in Steam and Condensate Systems 284
• 8.3 Vaporous Silica and Other Steam Volatiles 293
• 8.4 Scale and Corrosion Debris Transport 296
• 8.5 Oil and Process Contamination 298

9 Pre-Boiler and Post-Boiler Treatment Processes 303

• 9.1 Overview of Common External Treatment Process Technologies 306
• 9.2 Basic Pretreatment Processes 307
• 9.3 Pre-Boiler Purification Technologies 341
• 9.4 Post-Boiler Condensate Conditioning 376
• 9.5 Novel Pretreatment Oxygen Removal Technologies 382

10 Internal Treatment Programs 385

• 10.1 Outline of Internal Treatment Control and Programs 386
• 10.2 Anodic Inhibitor Chemistries 394
• 10.3 Tannin Programs 403
• 10.4 Coagulation and Precipitation Program Chemistries 411
• 10.5 Chelant Program Chemistries 430
• 10.6 All-Polymer/All-Organic Programs 437
• 10.7 Chelant-, Phosphate-, or Polymer-Based, Combination Programs 461
• 10.8 Coordinated Phosphate and Program Derivations 464
• 10.9 All-Volatile Treatment Program Chemistries 474
• 10.10 Mixed Treatment and Zero Solids Treatment 476
• 10.11 An Outline of Water Treatment for Nuclear Powered Steam Generators 477

11 Adjuncts and Conjuctional Treatments 479

• 11.1 Oxygen Scavenger Chemistries 479
• 11.2 Oxygenated Treatment (OT) 506
• 11.3 Ammonia and Amine Adjuncts 510
• 11.4 Alkalinity Boost Chemistries 545
• 11.5 Antifoam and Defoamer Chemistries 548
• 11.6 Multiblend Formulations 555

12 Control of Boiler Water Chemistry 559

• 12.1 Water Treatment Recommendation Perspectives 560
• 12.2 Tables and Supporting Notes 566

13 Operational Control of Waterside Surfaces 599

• 13.1 Sampling and Testing Steam and Condensate 599
• 13.2 Managing Standby and Idle Boilers 606
• 13.3 Boiler Inspections 612
• 13.4 Boiler Cleaning 623
• 13.5 Some Troubleshooting Notes 657

14 Control of Fireside Conditions and Surfaces 669

• 14.1 Basic Fireside Problems 670
• 14.2 Fuel Treatments/Additives 678
• 14.3 Fuel Treatment Formulations 687
• 14.4 Combustion Gas Analysis 689

Appendix I Useful Data

Appendix II Glossary

Bibliography

Index